Cooling Tower

What is a cooling tower ?
Industrial Cooling Tower are the heat rejection device which are used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. They can also use the evaporation of water to reject the process of heat. Cooling tower basically helps in cooling the working fluid that are placed near air temperature. Its common application includes cooling the circulating water of oil refineries, chemical plants, power plants and building cooling. They are classified by use into two categories :

• HVAC Cooling Tower (air - conditioning): It is a sub-category of cooling tower rejecting heat from a chiller. Water-cooled chillers are more efficient than air-cooled chillers because of the heat rejection to tower water near wet-bulb temperatures.
  
  
• Industrial Cooling Tower: They are much larger than HVAC tower. They are used to reject heat from various sources such as machinery or heated process material. The main use of these cooling tower is to remove the heat absorbed in the circulating cooling water systems used in power plants, food processing plants, semi-conductor plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants and other industrial facilities.

Malfunction of Cooling Tower:
Due to any fault or failure when some amount of water goes at the top of industrial cooling tower then it causes tower to freeze. Sometimes if the cooling tower are freezed then the ice grow to masive sizes and results into falling of tower through the roof. To besiege from freezing , a basin heater is installed , air flow through the tower is reduced and in some cases where evaporative closed loop towers are used the tower spray water is drained completely.

Cooling Towers Spares :
Cooling tower uses high quality spares like :

• PVC Fills
• Rotary Sprinkler
• FRP Casing
• Fan Assembly

Classification of Cooling Towers
There are various types of cooling tower which can be categorized as follows:

• By Sizes and shapes: Cooling tower are available in all kinds of shapes and sizes. The popular ones are the huge, hourglass or bottle shaped constructions, often found at power stations.
  
  
• By Material: The walls of the cooling tower are made of concrete. Cooling towers are also constructed plastic, wood, and metal. Concrete-wood-plastic combinations are also possible.
  
  
• By One or more cells: Sometimes, cooling towers consist of several cells, where each cell is able to operate independently. In such cases, each cell has its own fan.
  
  
• By construction: The cooling towers can be field-erected or factory assembled.
  
  
• By method of heat transfer: Cooling Towers can be wet cooling tower or dry cooling tower.
  
  
  
• By Air flow: This can classify cooling towers into
  • Mechanical draft cooling tower
  • Forced draft coolingtower
  • Induced draft cooling tower
  • Nature draft cooling tower
  • Fan assisted nature draft cooling tower
  
  
  
• By Air-to-water flow: This type of cooling towers can be classified into counterflow, cross flow and spray-filled cooling towers.